Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. The symptoms of insomnia can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:

• Difficulty falling asleep

• Waking up frequently during the night

• Waking up early in the morning

• Feeling tired or groggy during the day

• Difficulty concentrating or remembering things

• Irritability or mood swings

There are many causes of insomnia:

• Stress or anxiety

• Depression

• Chronic pain

• Medications

• Caffeine or alcohol consumption

• Jet lag or shift work

• Medical conditions such as asthma or heart failure

• Poor sleep hygiene (e.g. using electronic devices before bed, having an uncomfortable sleep environment)

Treatment for insomnia may include:

• Lifestyle changes such as practicing good sleep hygiene, avoiding caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, and engaging in regular exercise

• Behavioral therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT)

• Medications such as hypnotics (sleep-inducing drugs) or antidepressants

• Relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga